ribs.visualize.parallel_axes_plot

ribs.visualize.parallel_axes_plot(archive, ax=None, *, df=None, measure_order=None, cmap='magma', linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.8, vmin=None, vmax=None, sort_archive=False, cbar='auto', cbar_kwargs=None)[source]

Visualizes archive elites in measure space with a parallel axes plot.

This visualization is meant to show the coverage of the measure space at a glance. Each axis represents one measure dimension, and each line in the diagram represents one elite in the archive. Three main things are evident from this plot:

  • measure space coverage, as determined by the amount of the axis that has lines passing through it. If the lines are passing through all parts of the axis, then there is likely good coverage for that measure.

  • Correlation between neighboring measures. In the below example, we see perfect correlation between measures_0 and measures_1, since none of the lines cross each other. We also see the perfect negative correlation between measures_3 and measures_4, indicated by the crossing of all lines at a single point.

  • Whether certain values of the measure dimensions affect the objective value strongly. In the below example, we see measures_2 has many elites with high objective near zero. This is more visible when sort_archive is passed in, as elites with higher objective values will be plotted on top of individuals with lower objective values.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> from ribs.archives import GridArchive
>>> from ribs.visualize import parallel_axes_plot
>>> # Populate the archive with the negative sphere function.
>>> archive = GridArchive(
...               solution_dim=3, dims=[20, 20, 20, 20, 20],
...               ranges=[(-1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 1),
...                       (-1, 1), (-1, 1)],
...           )
>>> for x in np.linspace(-1, 1, 10):
...     for y in np.linspace(0, 1, 10):
...         for z in np.linspace(-1, 1, 10):
...             archive.add_single(
...                 solution=np.array([x,y,z]),
...                 objective=-(x**2 + y**2 + z**2),
...                 measures=np.array([0.5*x,x,y,z,-0.5*z]),
...             )
>>> # Plot a heatmap of the archive.
>>> plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
>>> parallel_axes_plot(archive)
>>> plt.title("Negative sphere function")
>>> plt.ylabel("axis values")
>>> plt.show()
../_images/ribs-visualize-parallel_axes_plot-1.png
Parameters

  • archive (ArchiveBase) – Any ribs archive.

  • ax (matplotlib.axes.Axes) – Axes on which to create the plot. If None, the current axis will be used.

  • df (ribs.archives.ArchiveDataFrame) – If provided, we will plot data from this argument instead of the data currently in the archive. This data can be obtained by, for instance, calling ribs.archives.ArchiveBase.data() with return_type="pandas" and modifying the resulting ArchiveDataFrame. Note that, at a minimum, the data must contain columns for index, objective, and measures. To display a custom metric, replace the “objective” column.

  • measure_order (list of int or list of (int, str)) – If this is a list of ints, it specifies the axes order for measures (e.g. [2, 0, 1]). If this is a list of tuples, each tuple takes the form (int, str) where the int specifies the measure index and the str specifies a name for the measure (e.g. [(1, "y-value"), (2, "z-value"), (0, "x-value")]). The order specified does not need to have the same number of elements as the number of measures in the archive, e.g. [1, 3] or [1, 2, 3, 2].

  • cmap (str, list, matplotlib.colors.Colormap) – Colormap to use when plotting intensity. Either the name of a Colormap, a list of RGB or RGBA colors (i.e. an \(N \times 3\) or \(N \times 4\) array), or a Colormap object.

  • linewidth (float) – Line width for each elite in the plot.

  • alpha (float) – Opacity of the line for each elite (passing a low value here may be helpful if there are many archive elites, as more elites would be visible).

  • vmin (float) – Minimum objective value to use in the plot. If None, the minimum objective value in the archive is used.

  • vmax (float) – Maximum objective value to use in the plot. If None, the maximum objective value in the archive is used.

  • sort_archive (bool) –

    If True, sorts the archive so that the highest performing elites are plotted on top of lower performing elites.

    Warning

    This may be slow for large archives.

  • cbar ('auto', None, matplotlib.axes.Axes) – By default, this is set to 'auto' which displays the colorbar on the archive’s current Axes. If None, then colorbar is not displayed. If this is an Axes, displays the colorbar on the specified Axes.

  • cbar_kwargs (dict) – Additional kwargs to pass to colorbar(). By default, we set “orientation” to “horizontal” and “pad” to 0.1.

Raises

  • ValueError – The measures provided do not exist in the archive.

  • TypeError – measure_order is not a list of all ints or all tuples.